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1. Unifying Italy

A. Obstacles to Italian Unity

1. Mazzini Establishes Young Italy Mazzini founded Young Italy.

2. Nationalism Takes Root The revolution has failed, but nationalist agitation had planted seeds for future Harvests.

B. The Struggle for Italy 1. Cavour Becomes Prime Minister Victor Emmanuel made Count Camillo Cavour his prime minister.

2. Intrigue With France Sardinia, led by Cavour, joined Britain and France against Russia in the Crimean War.

3. Garigaldi’s “Red Shirts” Cavorur provided weapons and allowed two ships to take Garigaldi and his “Red Shirts” south to Sicily.

4. Unity at Last Garigaldi turned over Naples and Sicily to Victor Emmanuel.

C. Challenges Facing the New Nation

1. Divisions The north was richer and had more cities than the south.

2. Turmoil Under Victor Emmanuel, Italy was a constitutional monarchy with a two-house legislature. 3. Economic Progress The nation lacked important natural resources such as coal, industries did sprout up in northern regions.